Figure  

Summary of evidence on body fatness, physical activity, diet, and cancer risk

Convincingly increases risk
Probably increases risk
Probably decreases risk
Convincingly decreases risk
Adult body fatness Young adult body fatness Adult weight gain Greater birthweight Physical activity Alcoholic drinks Whole grains Foods containing dietary fiber Non-starchy vegetables or fruit Red meat Processed meat Dairy products Foods preserved by salting Mate Coffee High-dose beta-carotene supplements Calcium supplements
Aerodigestive cancers ●
Bladder ●
Breast (postmenopausal) ● ● ● ● ●
Breast (premenopausal) ● ● ● ● ●
Colorectum ● ● ● ● ● ● ● ● ●
Corpus uteri ● ● ●
Esophagus (adenocarcinoma) ● ●
Esophagus (squamous cell carcinoma) ● ● ●
Gallbladder ●
Kidney ● ● ●
Liver ● ● ●
Lung ●
Meningioma ●
Mouth, pharynx, larynx ● ●
Multiple myeloma ●
Ovary ●
Pancreas ●
Prostate (advanced) ●
Stomach ● ● ●
Stomach (cardia) ●
Thyroid ●

Footnote

Conclusions on body fatness are based on Lauby-Secretan B et al. Body Fatness and Cancer--Viewpoint of the IARC Working Group. The New England Journal of Medicine. Aug 25 2016;375(8):794-8 and are and are supplemented from the Continuous Update Project Expert Report 2018, World Cancer Research Fund/American Institute for Cancer Research: Diet, nutrition, physical activity and cancer: a global perspective. Continuous update project expert report 2018 (WCRF 2018). Conclusions on physical activity are drawn from 2018 Physical Activity Guidelines for Americans. 2nd ed. U.S. Department of Health and Human Services; Washington, DC: 2018. U.S. Department of Health and Human Services, and are supplemented with ECRF 2018. Conclusions on dietary factors are based on WCRF 2018.