Cervical cancer is preventable, owing to effective primary prevention via human papillomavirus (HPV) vaccination and secondary prevention via screening. However, it remains the fourth most common cancer and the third leading cause of cancer death in women worldwide, with 662,000 new cases and 350,000 deaths estimated in 2022. There is1
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The Human Development Index (HDI) is a summary measure of average achievement in countries based on national levels of educational attainment, life expectancy, and income. Map 20.1 displays the four tiers of HDI for the year of 2021. By examining cancer through the lens of human development, we can assess1
Cancer is the leading cause of premature death in North America. An estimated 2.1 million new cancer cases and 701,000 cancer deaths occur in North America each year. The region contributes almost twice the proportion of cases compared to deaths globally (13% versus 7%) in large part because of high1
Tobacco products cause at least 17 forms of cancer, and are collectively responsible for over 2 million cancer deaths per year (Figure 4.1).
Cancer is now a major public health problem in sub-Saharan Africa, with the disease among the three leading causes of premature death (ages 30-69) in almost all countries in the region. About 820,000 new cancer cases and 550,000 deaths were estimated to have occurred in 2022 in sub-Saharan Africa. For1
Lung cancer is the most commonly diagnosed cancer and the leading cause of cancer death worldwide, with about 2.5 million new cases and 1.8 million deaths in 2022. Overall rates are twice as high in men than women. The highest incidence and mortality rates in both sexes are found in1
Ethanol – the primary form of alcohol in alcoholic beverages – is the most widely used psychoactive substance globally. In 2019, the average annual amount of pure alcohol consumed per adult aged ≥15 years ranged from <2.5 liters in some countries in Africa, the Middle East, and Southeast Asia to1
Colorectal cancer is the second leading cause of cancer death worldwide, with an estimated 1.9 million new cases and 900,000 deaths. Incidence rates range from <5 per 100,000 in Cape Verde, Sierra Leone, and India to >45 per 100,000 in Denmark and Norway (Map 16.1) and are strongly correlated with1
Universal health coverage (UHC) ensures all individuals have access to the high-quality health services they need without experiencing financial hardship. However, UHC access remains unequal worldwide, and in 2021, about 4.5 billion people lacked full coverage for essential health services (Map 46.1).
The Latin America and the Caribbean (LAC) region has doubled in population size over the last half-century to 665 million inhabitants today. About 1.5 million new cancer cases and 741,000 cancer deaths, excluding non-melanoma skin cancers, are estimated to occur in the LAC region in 2022. The five most common1