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Colorectal cancer is the second leading cause of cancer death worldwide, with an estimated 1.9 million new cases and 900,000 deaths. Incidence rates range from <5 per 100,000 in Cape Verde, Sierra Leone, and India to >45 per 100,000 in Denmark and Norway (Map 16.1) and are strongly correlated with1

There are two approaches to early detection – screening and early diagnosis. Screening aims to detect cancers or pre-cancerous lesions in otherwise healthy and asymptomatic individuals, whereas early diagnosis identifies symptomatic cancers at the earliest possible stage (Figure 36.1).

The cancer community is united behind the common goal of advancing health equity in cancer control. Equity is at the forefront of the global cancer community’s efforts to work toward a world where we can greatly reduce the risk of cancer and ensure that those who have cancer have access1

For every 10 premature deaths (ages 30-69 years) from noncommunicable disease today, four are due to cardiovascular disease (CVD) and three are due to cancer. As countries undergo societal and economic transition, these two diseases become the leading causes of death in every country (Map 12.1); in most countries, cancer1

Nearly 7 million lives were lost due to COVID-19 during the 2020-2023 pandemic. Patients with cancer were affected both directly and indirectly by the disease (Figure 47.1).

Ethanol – the primary form of alcohol in alcoholic beverages – is the most widely used psychoactive substance globally. In 2019, the average annual amount of pure alcohol consumed per adult aged ≥15 years ranged from <2.5 liters in some countries in Africa, the Middle East, and Southeast Asia to1

Cervical cancer is preventable, owing to effective primary prevention via human papillomavirus (HPV) vaccination and secondary prevention via screening. However, it remains the fourth most common cancer and the third leading cause of cancer death in women worldwide, with 662,000 new cases and 350,000 deaths estimated in 2022. There is1

Tobacco products cause at least 17 forms of cancer, and are collectively responsible for over 2 million cancer deaths per year (Figure 4.1).

Law can be a powerful tool to address the burden of cancer – particularly for long-term, systemic change and addressing the underlying inequities and social determinants of health. Law encompasses a wide range of national, subnational, and international instruments and practices, including legislation, regulation, court cases, international agreements, administrative instruments,1