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Law can be a powerful tool to address the burden of cancer – particularly for long-term, systemic change and addressing the underlying inequities and social determinants of health. Law encompasses a wide range of national, subnational, and international instruments and practices, including legislation, regulation, court cases, international agreements, administrative instruments,1

There are two approaches to early detection – screening and early diagnosis. Screening aims to detect cancers or pre-cancerous lesions in otherwise healthy and asymptomatic individuals, whereas early diagnosis identifies symptomatic cancers at the earliest possible stage (Figure 36.1).

Global collaborative partnerships accelerate efforts to bridge the research gap, particularly in the areas of prevention and implementation and knowledge translation, to improve cancer outcomes worldwide. Countries and world regions need cancer research tailored to their unique disease burden and knowledge gaps to improve population health. Knowledge created in cancer1

Each country has opportunities to prevent and control cancer through resource-stratified evidence-based interventions across the entire cancer care continuum, from risk factor prevention, early detection and timely diagnosis, to quality treatment, survivorship, palliative care, and end-of-life care (Figure 32.1).

There are growing health challenges faced by many countries and territories in Oceania, with a rise in the burden of lifestyle-related diseases such as cancer exacerbated by the impact of climate change. Annually, Oceania has an estimated 197,000 new cancer cases and 73,000 cancer deaths, excluding non-melanoma skin cancers. Cancer1

The Human Development Index (HDI) is a summary measure of average achievement in countries based on national levels of educational attainment, life expectancy, and income. Map 20.1 displays the four tiers of HDI for the year of 2021. By examining cancer through the lens of human development, we can assess1

For every 10 premature deaths (ages 30-69 years) from noncommunicable disease today, four are due to cardiovascular disease (CVD) and three are due to cancer. As countries undergo societal and economic transition, these two diseases become the leading causes of death in every country (Map 12.1); in most countries, cancer1

Cervical cancer is preventable, owing to effective primary prevention via human papillomavirus (HPV) vaccination and secondary prevention via screening. However, it remains the fourth most common cancer and the third leading cause of cancer death in women worldwide, with 662,000 new cases and 350,000 deaths estimated in 2022. There is1

Climate change impacts cancer control in multiple ways (Figure 11.1). First, human activities cause climate change and increase exposures to cancer-causing agents. For example, extraction, processing, and use of fossil fuels not only exacerbates the greenhouse effect but also increases the risk of certain cancers. There is a strong relationship1

Ethanol – the primary form of alcohol in alcoholic beverages – is the most widely used psychoactive substance globally. In 2019, the average annual amount of pure alcohol consumed per adult aged ≥15 years ranged from <2.5 liters in some countries in Africa, the Middle East, and Southeast Asia to1