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Costs of new cancer treatments have grown exponentially and patients are treated longer with more agents, increasing the economic burden for patients and families, health care systems, and countries. The economic burden of cancer also includes indirect costs, measured as productivity losses from cancer morbidity and premature mortality, and productivity1

There are an estimated 19 million new cancer cases and 9.7 million cancer deaths (excluding non-melanoma skin cancer) worldwide each year. Over half of the cases (9.7 million) and 56% of the deaths (5.4 million) occur in Asia (Figure 22.1), where 60% of the global population (4.6 billion) reside. Europe1

Universal health coverage (UHC) ensures all individuals have access to the high-quality health services they need without experiencing financial hardship. However, UHC access remains unequal worldwide, and in 2021, about 4.5 billion people lacked full coverage for essential health services (Map 46.1).

Reproductive and hormonal factors, both endogenous (naturally synthesized in the body) and exogenous (man-made), play important roles in the development of common cancers, including breast, endometrial, ovarian, and cervical cancer, with the strength and direction of these associations varying by cancer types (Figure 9.1). Increased access to higher education, evolving1

Law can be a powerful tool to address the burden of cancer – particularly for long-term, systemic change and addressing the underlying inequities and social determinants of health. Law encompasses a wide range of national, subnational, and international instruments and practices, including legislation, regulation, court cases, international agreements, administrative instruments,1

The Cancer Atlas aims to open readers’ eyes to the global scale and impact of cancer, covering the extent and magnitude of the disease, the major causes, and the different ways the disease can be prevented and treated. As with previous editions, this fourth edition of The Cancer Atlas is1

Lung cancer is the most commonly diagnosed cancer and the leading cause of cancer death worldwide, with about 2.5 million new cases and 1.8 million deaths in 2022. Overall rates are twice as high in men than women. The highest incidence and mortality rates in both sexes are found in1

Cancer-causing environmental pollutants can occur naturally (e.g., radon or arsenic) or are man-made (e.g., air pollution from burning fuels), and they can be found in the air, soil, or water. Radon, a radioactive gas that can accumulate in buildings, is the second leading cause of lung cancer in many countries,1

The Latin America and the Caribbean (LAC) region has doubled in population size over the last half-century to 665 million inhabitants today. About 1.5 million new cancer cases and 741,000 cancer deaths, excluding non-melanoma skin cancers, are estimated to occur in the LAC region in 2022. The five most common1

In Europe, there are an estimated 4.1 million new cancer cases and almost 2 million cancer deaths each year. Cancers of the female breast, colorectum, lung, and prostate are the most common cancers, representing half of the overall cancer burden in the continent (Figure 27.1).