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Universal health coverage (UHC) ensures all individuals have access to the high-quality health services they need without experiencing financial hardship. However, UHC access remains unequal worldwide, and in 2021, about 4.5 billion people lacked full coverage for essential health services (Map 46.1).

The Cancer Atlas aims to open readers’ eyes to the global scale and impact of cancer, covering the extent and magnitude of the disease, the major causes, and the different ways the disease can be prevented and treated. As with previous editions, this fourth edition of The Cancer Atlas is1

Each country has opportunities to prevent and control cancer through resource-stratified evidence-based interventions across the entire cancer care continuum, from risk factor prevention, early detection and timely diagnosis, to quality treatment, survivorship, palliative care, and end-of-life care (Figure 32.1).

There are an estimated 19 million new cancer cases and 9.7 million cancer deaths (excluding non-melanoma skin cancer) worldwide each year. Over half of the cases (9.7 million) and 56% of the deaths (5.4 million) occur in Asia (Figure 22.1), where 60% of the global population (4.6 billion) reside. Europe1

Colorectal cancer is the second leading cause of cancer death worldwide, with an estimated 1.9 million new cases and 900,000 deaths. Incidence rates range from <5 per 100,000 in Cape Verde, Sierra Leone, and India to >45 per 100,000 in Denmark and Norway (Map 16.1) and are strongly correlated with1

Reproductive and hormonal factors, both endogenous (naturally synthesized in the body) and exogenous (man-made), play important roles in the development of common cancers, including breast, endometrial, ovarian, and cervical cancer, with the strength and direction of these associations varying by cancer types (Figure 9.1). Increased access to higher education, evolving1

Climate change impacts cancer control in multiple ways (Figure 11.1). First, human activities cause climate change and increase exposures to cancer-causing agents. For example, extraction, processing, and use of fossil fuels not only exacerbates the greenhouse effect but also increases the risk of certain cancers. There is a strong relationship1

Ultraviolet radiation (UVR) is the principal cause of common skin cancers: keratinocyte cancers (basal cell and squamous cell carcinomas, referred to as non-melanoma skin cancer in the remaining chapters) and cutaneous melanomas. Each year, more than 332,000 new cases of melanoma occur globally, resulting in more than 59,000 deaths. It1

Lung cancer is the most commonly diagnosed cancer and the leading cause of cancer death worldwide, with about 2.5 million new cases and 1.8 million deaths in 2022. Overall rates are twice as high in men than women. The highest incidence and mortality rates in both sexes are found in1

Cancer-causing environmental pollutants can occur naturally (e.g., radon or arsenic) or are man-made (e.g., air pollution from burning fuels), and they can be found in the air, soil, or water. Radon, a radioactive gas that can accumulate in buildings, is the second leading cause of lung cancer in many countries,1