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Cancer in Europe
In Europe, there are an estimated 4.1 million new cancer cases and almost 2 million cancer deaths each year. Cancers of the female breast, colorectum, lung, and prostate are the most common cancers, representing half of the overall cancer burden in the continent (Figure 27.1).
Cancer in North America
Cancer is the leading cause of premature death in North America. An estimated 2.1 million new cancer cases and 701,000 cancer deaths occur in North America each year. The region contributes almost twice the proportion of cases compared to deaths globally (13% versus 7%) in large part because of high1
Cancer in Sub-Saharan Africa
Cancer is now a major public health problem in sub-Saharan Africa, with the disease among the three leading causes of premature death (ages 30-69) in almost all countries in the region. About 820,000 new cancer cases and 550,000 deaths were estimated to have occurred in 2022 in sub-Saharan Africa. For1
Breast Cancer
Today, breast cancer is the most commonly diagnosed cancer (27% of all cancer cases) and the leading cause of cancer death (16% of all cancer deaths) in women globally, ranking the cancer first in 158 countries for incidence and 111 countries for mortality (see Overview of Geographic Diversity). While incidence1
Ultraviolet Radiation
Ultraviolet radiation (UVR) is the principal cause of common skin cancers: keratinocyte cancers (basal cell and squamous cell carcinomas, referred to as non-melanoma skin cancer in the remaining chapters) and cutaneous melanomas. Each year, more than 332,000 new cases of melanoma occur globally, resulting in more than 59,000 deaths. It1
Infection
While infections (bacteria, viruses, parasites) are responsible for an estimated 12% of new cancer cases annually worldwide, they cause more than one-quarter of all cancers in many low-income countries in Africa and Asia (Map 5.1).
Management and Treatment
The delivery of high-quality, patient-centered cancer care requires capacity across multiple domains (infrastructure, staffing, resources, research, and data management systems) and multidisciplinary collaboration among health care centers, governments, nongovernmental organizations, and the international community. There remain unmet needs across the main modalities of cancer treatment in many areas of the1
Climate Change and Cancer
Climate change impacts cancer control in multiple ways (Figure 11.1). First, human activities cause climate change and increase exposures to cancer-causing agents. For example, extraction, processing, and use of fossil fuels not only exacerbates the greenhouse effect but also increases the risk of certain cancers. There is a strong relationship1
Foreword
At the American Cancer Society, we often celebrate the extraordinary progress we have made to reduce the death and suffering from cancer, driven by dramatic changes in the use of combustible tobacco, strategies to detect cancer earlier, the explosion of new therapeutics, and a greater focus on survivorship. In fact,1
Social Inequalities
With sufficient investment, cancer prevention can mitigate the marked cancer inequalities that exist between and within countries worldwide. Health inequalities refer to differences in people’s health that are unjust and avoidable (Figure 13.1) and may relate to differences between groups based on, among others, socioeconomic position, race or ethnicity, sex, disability,1