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Cancer-causing environmental pollutants can occur naturally (e.g., radon or arsenic) or are man-made (e.g., air pollution from burning fuels), and they can be found in the air, soil, or water. Radon, a radioactive gas that can accumulate in buildings, is the second leading cause of lung cancer in many countries,1

About 30% of individuals facing serious health-related suffering are affected by cancer (Figure 38.1). Cancer pain remains a common and distressing symptom both during treatment and in survivorship, affecting approximately half of all cancer patients and two-thirds of those with advanced disease.

The Latin America and the Caribbean (LAC) region has doubled in population size over the last half-century to 665 million inhabitants today. About 1.5 million new cancer cases and 741,000 cancer deaths, excluding non-melanoma skin cancers, are estimated to occur in the LAC region in 2022. The five most common1

With sufficient investment, cancer prevention can mitigate the marked cancer inequalities that exist between and within countries worldwide. Health inequalities refer to differences in people’s health that are unjust and avoidable (Figure 13.1) and may relate to differences between groups based on, among others, socioeconomic position, race or ethnicity, sex, disability,1

In Europe, there are an estimated 4.1 million new cancer cases and almost 2 million cancer deaths each year. Cancers of the female breast, colorectum, lung, and prostate are the most common cancers, representing half of the overall cancer burden in the continent (Figure 27.1).

Cancer is the leading cause of premature death in North America. An estimated 2.1 million new cancer cases and 701,000 cancer deaths occur in North America each year. The region contributes almost twice the proportion of cases compared to deaths globally (13% versus 7%) in large part because of high1

Cancer is now a major public health problem in sub-Saharan Africa, with the disease among the three leading causes of premature death (ages 30-69) in almost all countries in the region. About 820,000 new cancer cases and 550,000 deaths were estimated to have occurred in 2022 in sub-Saharan Africa. For1

Today, breast cancer is the most commonly diagnosed cancer (27% of all cancer cases) and the leading cause of cancer death (16% of all cancer deaths) in women globally, ranking the cancer first in 158 countries for incidence and 111 countries for mortality (see Overview of Geographic Diversity). While incidence1

While infections (bacteria, viruses, parasites) are responsible for an estimated 12% of new cancer cases annually worldwide, they cause more than one-quarter of all cancers in many low-income countries in Africa and Asia (Map 5.1).

The delivery of high-quality, patient-centered cancer care requires capacity across multiple domains (infrastructure, staffing, resources, research, and data management systems) and multidisciplinary collaboration among health care centers, governments, nongovernmental organizations, and the international community. There remain unmet needs across the main modalities of cancer treatment in many areas of the1