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Economic Burden
Costs of new cancer treatments have grown exponentially and patients are treated longer with more agents, increasing the economic burden for patients and families, health care systems, and countries. The economic burden of cancer also includes indirect costs, measured as productivity losses from cancer morbidity and premature mortality, and productivity1
Climate Change and Cancer
Climate change impacts cancer control in multiple ways (Figure 11.1). First, human activities cause climate change and increase exposures to cancer-causing agents. For example, extraction, processing, and use of fossil fuels not only exacerbates the greenhouse effect but also increases the risk of certain cancers. There is a strong relationship1
Introduction
The Cancer Atlas aims to open readers’ eyes to the global scale and impact of cancer, covering the extent and magnitude of the disease, the major causes, and the different ways the disease can be prevented and treated. As with previous editions, this fourth edition of The Cancer Atlas is1
Terms of Use
This World Wide Web site with its home page in the domain “cancer.org” (the “Website”) is a complimentary information service offered by the American Cancer Society, Inc. (“ACS”) at no charge to users of the World Wide Web, with the express condition that these users agree to be bound by1
Childhood Cancer
Cancers occurring in childhood and adolescence differ markedly from adult cancers in terms of the magnitude of the burden and biologic characteristics. Worldwide, the average annual incidence among children aged less than 15 years is 150 cases per million people and among adolescents aged 15-19 years the average annual incidence1
Social Inequalities
With sufficient investment, cancer prevention can mitigate the marked cancer inequalities that exist between and within countries worldwide. Health inequalities refer to differences in people’s health that are unjust and avoidable (Figure 13.1) and may relate to differences between groups based on, among others, socioeconomic position, race or ethnicity, sex, disability,1
Infection
While infections (bacteria, viruses, parasites) are responsible for an estimated 12% of new cancer cases annually worldwide, they cause more than one-quarter of all cancers in many low-income countries in Africa and Asia (Map 5.1).
Population-Based Cancer Registries
Population-based cancer registries (PBCRs) are an essential foundation for the development and monitoring of national cancer-control plans, informing the planning of cancer services, and assessing the effectiveness of cancer-care delivery through benchmarking survival in different populations. PBCRs represent a continual system of data collection, storage, validation, and analysis, with the1
About The Atlas
The continuing and escalating global fight against cancer demands new tools and the latest available data and trends. The Cancer Atlas website and The Cancer Atlas, Fourth Edition book – produced by the American Cancer Society and the International Agency for Research on Cancer – provide a comprehensive global overview1