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Highly effective prophylactic vaccines are available for two of the most important cancer-causing infections, hepatitis B virus (HBV) and human papillomavirus (HPV) (see Infection). In 2022, there were an estimated 254 million people globally with chronic HBV infection; HBV infection causes nearly one million deaths annually, mostly from cirrhosis and1

At the American Cancer Society, we often celebrate the extraordinary progress we have made to reduce the death and suffering from cancer, driven by dramatic changes in the use of combustible tobacco, strategies to detect cancer earlier, the explosion of new therapeutics, and a greater focus on survivorship. In fact,1

Cancer is now a major public health problem in sub-Saharan Africa, with the disease among the three leading causes of premature death (ages 30-69) in almost all countries in the region. About 820,000 new cancer cases and 550,000 deaths were estimated to have occurred in 2022 in sub-Saharan Africa. For1

Cancer remains a stark example of the deep inequities in health care faced by Indigenous communities. The United Nations reports that over 476 million Indigenous people reside in over 90 countries across the globe, representing 6.2% of the world’s total population. Despite being a numerical minority worldwide, Indigenous people contribute1

Cancer survival statistics highlight the degree of health care equity, reflecting the effectiveness of health systems in detecting, diagnosing, and treating cancers. Despite advancements in diagnostics and treatment, substantial disparities persist in international cancer survival both between and within countries due to inequality in the dissemination of advancements in diagnostic1

There are two approaches to early detection – screening and early diagnosis. Screening aims to detect cancers or pre-cancerous lesions in otherwise healthy and asymptomatic individuals, whereas early diagnosis identifies symptomatic cancers at the earliest possible stage (Figure 36.1).

Global collaborative partnerships accelerate efforts to bridge the research gap, particularly in the areas of prevention and implementation and knowledge translation, to improve cancer outcomes worldwide. Countries and world regions need cancer research tailored to their unique disease burden and knowledge gaps to improve population health. Knowledge created in cancer1

Costs of new cancer treatments have grown exponentially and patients are treated longer with more agents, increasing the economic burden for patients and families, health care systems, and countries. The economic burden of cancer also includes indirect costs, measured as productivity losses from cancer morbidity and premature mortality, and productivity1

Curbing the tobacco epidemic is a global health priority to reduce the burden of cancer and other chronic diseases. The World Health Organization Framework Convention on Tobacco Control, the first global public health treaty, entered into force in 2005 and developed a set of six key tobacco-control measures (MPOWER, Map1