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Highly effective prophylactic vaccines are available for two of the most important cancer-causing infections, hepatitis B virus (HBV) and human papillomavirus (HPV) (see Infection). In 2022, there were an estimated 254 million people globally with chronic HBV infection; HBV infection causes nearly one million deaths annually, mostly from cirrhosis and1

Southern, Eastern, and Southeast Asia are some of the most densely populated regions globally, with over 4.3 billion people (55% of the world population). The region contributes 49% of all new cancer cases (9.2 million) and 53% of cancer deaths (5.1 million) worldwide each year. China and India combined account1

In Europe, there are an estimated 4.1 million new cancer cases and almost 2 million cancer deaths each year. Cancers of the female breast, colorectum, lung, and prostate are the most common cancers, representing half of the overall cancer burden in the continent (Figure 27.1).

The Latin America and the Caribbean (LAC) region has doubled in population size over the last half-century to 665 million inhabitants today. About 1.5 million new cancer cases and 741,000 cancer deaths, excluding non-melanoma skin cancers, are estimated to occur in the LAC region in 2022. The five most common1

Cancer is now a major public health problem in sub-Saharan Africa, with the disease among the three leading causes of premature death (ages 30-69) in almost all countries in the region. About 820,000 new cancer cases and 550,000 deaths were estimated to have occurred in 2022 in sub-Saharan Africa. For1

There are an estimated 19 million new cancer cases and 9.7 million cancer deaths (excluding non-melanoma skin cancer) worldwide each year. Over half of the cases (9.7 million) and 56% of the deaths (5.4 million) occur in Asia (Figure 22.1), where 60% of the global population (4.6 billion) reside. Europe1

The Human Development Index (HDI) is a summary measure of average achievement in countries based on national levels of educational attainment, life expectancy, and income. Map 20.1 displays the four tiers of HDI for the year of 2021. By examining cancer through the lens of human development, we can assess1

Today, breast cancer is the most commonly diagnosed cancer (27% of all cancer cases) and the leading cause of cancer death (16% of all cancer deaths) in women globally, ranking the cancer first in 158 countries for incidence and 111 countries for mortality (see Overview of Geographic Diversity). While incidence1

Colorectal cancer is the second leading cause of cancer death worldwide, with an estimated 1.9 million new cases and 900,000 deaths. Incidence rates range from <5 per 100,000 in Cape Verde, Sierra Leone, and India to >45 per 100,000 in Denmark and Norway (Map 16.1) and are strongly correlated with1