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Highly effective prophylactic vaccines are available for two of the most important cancer-causing infections, hepatitis B virus (HBV) and human papillomavirus (HPV) (see Infection). In 2022, there were an estimated 254 million people globally with chronic HBV infection; HBV infection causes nearly one million deaths annually, mostly from cirrhosis and1

What started with one person in the US in 1985 to raise money and awareness has become a true global movement against cancer, uniting people in 35 countries (Figure 44.1) to do what no one country or organization can do alone: build a world free from cancer. Across the globe,1

Northern Africa, Central and West Asia is a diverse region characterized by relatively low but increasing cancer incidence rates. Breast cancer is the most common cancer in both sexes combined in all countries but Egypt (liver cancer), Kyrgyzstan and Tajikistan (stomach cancer), and Azerbaijan, Armenia, Tunisia, Türkiye (lung cancer) (Map1

Curbing the tobacco epidemic is a global health priority to reduce the burden of cancer and other chronic diseases. The World Health Organization Framework Convention on Tobacco Control, the first global public health treaty, entered into force in 2005 and developed a set of six key tobacco-control measures (MPOWER, Map1

Modifiable risk factors cause a large proportion of cancer cases and deaths. A recent study shows that an estimated 40% of all cancer cases and 44% of cancer deaths in the United States are attributable to a combination of modifiable risk factors, including tobacco use, excess body fatness, and alcohol1

Excess body fatness – overweight and obesity – has been linked to at least 13 types of cancer. Overall, approximately 4.5% of all cancer deaths globally are attributable to excess body fatness, varying from <1% in low-income countries to 7-8% in some high-income countries. The proportion of deaths linked to1

For every 10 premature deaths (ages 30-69 years) from noncommunicable disease today, four are due to cardiovascular disease (CVD) and three are due to cancer. As countries undergo societal and economic transition, these two diseases become the leading causes of death in every country (Map 12.1); in most countries, cancer1

Each country has opportunities to prevent and control cancer through resource-stratified evidence-based interventions across the entire cancer care continuum, from risk factor prevention, early detection and timely diagnosis, to quality treatment, survivorship, palliative care, and end-of-life care (Figure 32.1).

Southern, Eastern, and Southeast Asia are some of the most densely populated regions globally, with over 4.3 billion people (55% of the world population). The region contributes 49% of all new cancer cases (9.2 million) and 53% of cancer deaths (5.1 million) worldwide each year. China and India combined account1