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Highly effective prophylactic vaccines are available for two of the most important cancer-causing infections, hepatitis B virus (HBV) and human papillomavirus (HPV) (see Infection). In 2022, there were an estimated 254 million people globally with chronic HBV infection; HBV infection causes nearly one million deaths annually, mostly from cirrhosis and1

Cancers occurring in childhood and adolescence differ markedly from adult cancers in terms of the magnitude of the burden and biologic characteristics. Worldwide, the average annual incidence among children aged less than 15 years is 150 cases per million people and among adolescents aged 15-19 years the average annual incidence1

Modifiable risk factors cause a large proportion of cancer cases and deaths. A recent study shows that an estimated 40% of all cancer cases and 44% of cancer deaths in the United States are attributable to a combination of modifiable risk factors, including tobacco use, excess body fatness, and alcohol1

Excess body fatness – overweight and obesity – has been linked to at least 13 types of cancer. Overall, approximately 4.5% of all cancer deaths globally are attributable to excess body fatness, varying from <1% in low-income countries to 7-8% in some high-income countries. The proportion of deaths linked to1

Each country has opportunities to prevent and control cancer through resource-stratified evidence-based interventions across the entire cancer care continuum, from risk factor prevention, early detection and timely diagnosis, to quality treatment, survivorship, palliative care, and end-of-life care (Figure 32.1).

Climate change impacts cancer control in multiple ways (Figure 11.1). First, human activities cause climate change and increase exposures to cancer-causing agents. For example, extraction, processing, and use of fossil fuels not only exacerbates the greenhouse effect but also increases the risk of certain cancers. There is a strong relationship1

Law can be a powerful tool to address the burden of cancer – particularly for long-term, systemic change and addressing the underlying inequities and social determinants of health. Law encompasses a wide range of national, subnational, and international instruments and practices, including legislation, regulation, court cases, international agreements, administrative instruments,1

The cancer community is united behind the common goal of advancing health equity in cancer control. Equity is at the forefront of the global cancer community’s efforts to work toward a world where we can greatly reduce the risk of cancer and ensure that those who have cancer have access1

About 30% of individuals facing serious health-related suffering are affected by cancer (Figure 38.1). Cancer pain remains a common and distressing symptom both during treatment and in survivorship, affecting approximately half of all cancer patients and two-thirds of those with advanced disease.