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Highly effective prophylactic vaccines are available for two of the most important cancer-causing infections, hepatitis B virus (HBV) and human papillomavirus (HPV) (see Infection). In 2022, there were an estimated 254 million people globally with chronic HBV infection; HBV infection causes nearly one million deaths annually, mostly from cirrhosis and1

Modifiable risk factors cause a large proportion of cancer cases and deaths. A recent study shows that an estimated 40% of all cancer cases and 44% of cancer deaths in the United States are attributable to a combination of modifiable risk factors, including tobacco use, excess body fatness, and alcohol1

Cancer remains a stark example of the deep inequities in health care faced by Indigenous communities. The United Nations reports that over 476 million Indigenous people reside in over 90 countries across the globe, representing 6.2% of the world’s total population. Despite being a numerical minority worldwide, Indigenous people contribute1

Excess body fatness – overweight and obesity – has been linked to at least 13 types of cancer. Overall, approximately 4.5% of all cancer deaths globally are attributable to excess body fatness, varying from <1% in low-income countries to 7-8% in some high-income countries. The proportion of deaths linked to1

Cancers occurring in childhood and adolescence differ markedly from adult cancers in terms of the magnitude of the burden and biologic characteristics. Worldwide, the average annual incidence among children aged less than 15 years is 150 cases per million people and among adolescents aged 15-19 years the average annual incidence1

The cancer community is united behind the common goal of advancing health equity in cancer control. Equity is at the forefront of the global cancer community’s efforts to work toward a world where we can greatly reduce the risk of cancer and ensure that those who have cancer have access1

Curbing the tobacco epidemic is a global health priority to reduce the burden of cancer and other chronic diseases. The World Health Organization Framework Convention on Tobacco Control, the first global public health treaty, entered into force in 2005 and developed a set of six key tobacco-control measures (MPOWER, Map1

Nearly 7 million lives were lost due to COVID-19 during the 2020-2023 pandemic. Patients with cancer were affected both directly and indirectly by the disease (Figure 47.1).

Tobacco products cause at least 17 forms of cancer, and are collectively responsible for over 2 million cancer deaths per year (Figure 4.1).