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Cancer remains a stark example of the deep inequities in health care faced by Indigenous communities. The United Nations reports that over 476 million Indigenous people reside in over 90 countries across the globe, representing 6.2% of the world’s total population. Despite being a numerical minority worldwide, Indigenous people contribute1

Modifiable risk factors cause a large proportion of cancer cases and deaths. A recent study shows that an estimated 40% of all cancer cases and 44% of cancer deaths in the United States are attributable to a combination of modifiable risk factors, including tobacco use, excess body fatness, and alcohol1

Curbing the tobacco epidemic is a global health priority to reduce the burden of cancer and other chronic diseases. The World Health Organization Framework Convention on Tobacco Control, the first global public health treaty, entered into force in 2005 and developed a set of six key tobacco-control measures (MPOWER, Map1

There are two approaches to early detection – screening and early diagnosis. Screening aims to detect cancers or pre-cancerous lesions in otherwise healthy and asymptomatic individuals, whereas early diagnosis identifies symptomatic cancers at the earliest possible stage (Figure 36.1).

Highly effective prophylactic vaccines are available for two of the most important cancer-causing infections, hepatitis B virus (HBV) and human papillomavirus (HPV) (see Infection). In 2022, there were an estimated 254 million people globally with chronic HBV infection; HBV infection causes nearly one million deaths annually, mostly from cirrhosis and1

Ethanol – the primary form of alcohol in alcoholic beverages – is the most widely used psychoactive substance globally. In 2019, the average annual amount of pure alcohol consumed per adult aged ≥15 years ranged from <2.5 liters in some countries in Africa, the Middle East, and Southeast Asia to1

Universal health coverage (UHC) ensures all individuals have access to the high-quality health services they need without experiencing financial hardship. However, UHC access remains unequal worldwide, and in 2021, about 4.5 billion people lacked full coverage for essential health services (Map 46.1).

The cancer community is united behind the common goal of advancing health equity in cancer control. Equity is at the forefront of the global cancer community’s efforts to work toward a world where we can greatly reduce the risk of cancer and ensure that those who have cancer have access1

The IARC Monographs identify the causes of human cancer. Sometimes called the World Health Organization’s “Encyclopedia of Carcinogens,” the IARC Monographs are systematic evaluations of the strength of evidence that an agent can cause cancer in humans. Since the program’s inception in 1971, over 1,040 agents have been evaluated, including1