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Opportunities for taking action for cancer control exist at all stages of the cancer continuum.

The burden of cancer is substantial in every country worldwide, regardless of level of development.

Globally, one half of cancer deaths are caused by potentially modifiable risk factors.

Universal health coverage improves cancer outcomes equitably and promotes financial protection as well.

Higher prevalence of risk factors, poor outcomes, and under-reporting are among the cancer control challenges for Indigenous peoples.

Access to effective early detection and cancer treatment can substantially improve survival for cancer patients and reduce the survival gap worldwide.

Cancer, as a group, represents the most important cause of death worldwide.

Many of the known risk factors for cancer, such as tobacco use and infections, can be prevented.

Policy and legislation are essential to address the burden of cancer globally and locally.

Global Relay For Life celebrates survivors, remembers loved ones lost and mobilizes communities to take a stand against cancer.

A united cancer community will harness the political drive for real national impact.

Building synergies between diseases as well as health systems improves cancer prevention and treatment.

Estimated number of cancer survivors diagnosed within the past five years per 100,000 population, both sexes, 2018

Prevalence (%) of daily smoking for men and women

Prevalence (%) of daily smoking for men and women

Untreated deaths in pain, 2016

A global network of cancer organizations

HIV prevalence (%), both sexes, 2017

Cervical cancer incidence, age-standardized rate (world) per 100,000, 2018

Economic cost of smoking-attributable diseases annually (healthcare spending and productivity losses)

Quality of mortality registration worldwide, 2007–2016

Availability of population-based cancer registry data, 2019

Number of radiotherapy machines per 1,000 cancer patients

Cervical cancer screening using HPV DNA testing, 2017

Countries that have introduced the HPV vaccine by June 2019 (including partial introduction)

Tobacco packaging restrictions: use of graphic warning labels and plain packaging

EARLY DETECTION: Cervical cancer screening using visual inspection with acetic acid, as of June 2017

Availability of high-quality cancer data for survival statistics, 2008–2014

Years lived with disability due to cancer, both sexes, all ages, 2017

Cervical cancer incidence in Oceania, age-standardized rate (world) per 100,000, 2018

Most commonly diagnosed cancer in Northern Africa and West and Central Asia, both sexes, 2018

Proportion (%) of cancer cases attributable to excess body weight in Northern Africa and West and Central Asia, 2012

Leading cause of cancer death in Latin America and the Caribbean, both sexes, 2018

The most common cancer cases and deaths in sub-Saharan Africa, both sexes combined, 2018

The most common cancer cases and deaths in sub-Saharan Africa, both sexes combined, 2018

Lung cancer incidence by sex, age-standardized rate (world) per 100,000, 2018

Lung cancer incidence by sex, age-standardized rate (world) per 100,000, 2018

The ranking of cancer as a leading cause of premature death in 2016 (ages 30–69)

Average births per woman, 2010-2015

Percent (%) of children who receive any breast milk at 12 months of age

Melanoma skin cancer incidence, age-standardized rate (world) per 100,000, both sexes, 2018

International variation in the prevalence of obesity by sex, 2016

International variation in the prevalence of obesity by sex, 2016

Proportion of cancers attributable to infections (%), by country

Proportion (%) of cancer deaths caused by alcohol drinking in men ages 15 years or older, 2016

Global Relay For Life countries, 2017

Colorectal cancer screening in the European Union, 2016

Breast cancer screening in the European Union, 2016

Hepatitis B vaccination coverage (% of one-year-olds who have received three doses of hepatitis B vaccine), 2017

Parties to the Framework Convention on Tobacco Control (FCTC)

Most commonly diagnosed cancers in Europe among males and females, 2018

Most commonly diagnosed cancers in Europe among males and females, 2018

Colorectal cancer incidence in Northern America, age-standardized rate (world) per 100,000, both sexes, 2011–2015

All cancer sites combined incidence rates in Southern, Eastern, and South- Eastern Asia, age-standardized rate (world) per 100,000, both sexes combined, 2018

The most common cancer cases and deaths in men in 185 countries in 2018

The most common cancer cases and deaths in men in 185 countries in 2018

The most common cancer cases and deaths in women in 185 countries in 2018

The most common cancer cases and deaths in women in 185 countries in 2018

Indigenous peoples as percent of total population, 2010 or most recent data year

Human Development Index by country

Ranking of cancer as a leading cause of premature death (ages

Countries where breast cancer is the most frequently diagnosed cancer in women, 2018

Outdoor air pollution: Average annual population-weighted concentrations of PM2.5 (particulate matter of 2.5 µm diameter or less), measured in µg/m3, 2017

Indoor air pollution: Proportion (%) of population using solid fuels in 2017

In many countries, a substantial proportion of cancer patients face financial catastrophe due to the costs of cancer treatment.

Figure 3. Percentage of countries with generally available cancer diagnosis and treatment services in the public sector, by WHO region and World Bank income group. Cancer centers or cancer departments at the tertiary level are generally available in the public…

UHC comprises three dimensions: the proportion of the population covered, the proportion of prepaid funds and reduced out-of-pocket payments, and the number of services available to the population.

Victories in Australia demonstrate the power governments have to legislate for public health.

Luminaria bags and candles are lit in remembrance of a life touched by cancer during Relay For Life.

These innovative and strategic partnerships are working to achieve the SDG target of reducing premature deaths from cancer and other NCDs.

Treatment for All aims to decrease premature deaths from cancer worldwide by 4.3 million.

There are over 1,100 Union for International Cancer Control (UICC) members in 170 countries.

The cost of cancer varies widely in European Union countries, reflecting differences in population size, age distribution, healthcare delivery systems, employment patterns and wages, and cancer incidence and mortality rates.

Figure 2. Productivity losses due to premature deaths from cancer in transitioning economies. For details on inflation adjustment, see Sources and Methods. Brazil, total productivity loss 5 billion Euros, 57186 US dollars per cancer death, equivalent to 0.21% of GDP.…

Figure 1. Coverage (%) of high-quality population-based cancer registries by period and world region, as published in Cancer Incidence in 5 Continents. From 1960 to 2010, worldwide coverage of high-quality population-based cancer registries increased from 3% to 15%. By region,…

Figure 3. Untreated deaths in pain by region, 2016. Of untreated deaths in pain in 2016, 35% or 921,434 deaths were in East Asia and the Pacific; 27% or 714,069 deaths were in South Asia; 22% or 577,758 deaths were…

Figure 2. Total cancer and HIV deaths in pain and those treated for pain, by income level, 2016. In High income countries, 99.9% of 2,094,499 Deaths in pain due to cancer or HIV receive pain treatment. In Middle income countries,…

Figure 1. Untreated deaths in pain due to HIV and cancer, 2016. 651,867 untreated deaths in pain occurred in China. 513,278 untreated deaths in pain occurred in India. 190,269 untreated deaths in pain occurred in Russian Federation. 130,984 untreated deaths…

Figure 3. Cancer therapy included on the World Health Organization essential medicines list, and the proportion of countries including the medication on their national essential medicines list. 95% of countries include Methotrexate on their national essential medicines list. Methotrexate is…

Figure 2. Breast cancer recurrence and mortality (%) with and without 5 initial years of tamoxifen treatment, 15 years after diagnosis. Among those without 5 years of initial tamoxifen treatment, recurrence was 46% and mortality was 33% 15 years after…

Figure 1. Pathologists per million population, select countries, 2011-2013. Pathologists per million population are the following: 48 in United States. 4.5 in South Africa. 2.8 in Botswana. 1.8 in Namibia. 1.4 in Kenya. 1.3 in Gabon. 1.1 in Ghana. 0.9…

Figure 1. Decreases in cervical cancer incidence rates between 1960–2016, age-standardized rate (world) per 100,000. Cervical cancer incidence rates in Denmark decreased from 31 cases per 100,000 in 1960 to 9 in 2016. Cervical cancer incidence rates in Sweden decreased…

Through a scale-up of HPV vaccination and screening, millions of cervical cancer cases could be avoided in the coming decades, particularly in lower-HDI countries.

Figure 1. Cigarette price and smoking prevalence in South Africa by income group. As cigarette price increases from 4.2 Rand per pack in 1993 to 9 Rand per pack in 2003, smoking prevalence declined from 34% to 29% among high…

The Healthy Caribbean Coalition’s #toomuchjunk campaign educates citizens about the harmful effects of poor diet and lack of physical activity and asks them to call on their governments to enact policies and legislation that effectively combat childhood overweight and obesity.

A handful of communities worldwide, including Mexico, the United Kingdom, and various cities in the US, have begun implementing excise taxes on sugar-sweetened beverages and evaluating the impact on consumption and/or product formulation.

Figure 5. END-OF-LIFE CARE: Adult palliative care needs at the end of life by disease (%) worldwide, 2011. Worldwide palliative care needs at the end of life are comprised of cancer (34%), cardiovascular diseases (38%), chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (10%),…

Monitoring practices for breast cancer survivorship care can vary by resource availability.

Figure 3. TREATMENT: Childhood cancer mortality trends, all cancer sites combined, males 0–19 years, 1975–2013. Age-standardized rate (world) per 100,000. Childhood cancer mortality rates in Japan and the United States have declined from about 6 in 1975 to about 2…

Figure 2a. PREVENTION: Cumulative probability (%) of death from lung cancer by attained age and smoking status, male. Male never smokers have a 1.4% chance of dying of lung cancer by the age of 85. Male smokers who quit by…

Figure 2. Observed survival (%) in patients with breast cancer since time of diagnosis in countries with high, medium and low human development index in sub-Saharan Africa in 2009–2014. High HDI includes Seychelles, Mauritius. Medium HDI includes Kenya, Namibia and…

Figure 1. Prevalence (%) of poor health-related quality of life among cancer survivors and adults without cancer, US, 2010. Poor physical health is experienced by 10% of adults without cancer and 25% of cancer survivors. Poor mental health is experienced…

Figure 3a. Australia and New Zealand: Incidence and mortality rates in Oceania by sub-regions, top 10 cancers, 2018. Age-standardized rate (world) per 100,000. In Australia and New Zealand: Breast cancer incidence 94.2, mortality 12.6. Prostate cancer incidence 86.4, mortality 10.2.…

Figure 2. Incidence rates of melanoma of the skin in selected regions, both sexes combined, 2018. Age-standardized rate (world) per 100,000. In Australia and New Zealand, melanoma skin cancer incidence is 33.6. In Western Europe, melanoma skin cancer incidence is…

Figure 1. All-sites cancer incidence and mortality rates (excludes non-melanoma skin cancer) in Northern Africa and West and Central Asia, both sexes combined, 2018. Age-standardized rate (world) per 100,000. In Yemen, incidence 76.1 and mortality 57.3. In Tajikistan, incidence 87.3…

Figure 2a. Estimated number of new cancer cases and distribution (%) by type (excludes non-melanoma skin cancer) in Northern Africa and West and Central Asia, both sexes, 2018. In Northern Africa, there were an estimated 279,000 cancer cases. The leading…

Figure 3. Trends in all cancer sites combined (excluding non-melanoma skin cancer) in Denmark and the United Kingdom, 1960–2014. (Incidence rates are for UK, England only.) All-sites cancer incidence rates have increased in both males and females in Denmark and…

Figure 3b. Incidence trends in selected countries in Latin America, breast cancer, all ages, 1982–2012. Breast cancer incidence rates increased from around 30 in 1984 to around 40 in 2010 in Valdivia, Chile; Cali, Colombia; Costa Rica; and Quito, Ecuador.

Figure 4b. Incidence trends in selected countries in Latin America, cervical cancer, all ages, 1982–2012. Cervical cancer rates have been steadily declining from around 25-30 cases per 100,000 in 1984 to around 15 in 2010 in Valdivia, Chile; Cali, Colombia;…

Figure 4a. Incidence trends in selected countries in Latin America, male stomach cancer, all ages, 1982–2012. Age-standardized rate (world) per 100,000. Stomach cancer rates have been steadily declining from around 30-40 cases per 100,000 in 1984 to around 20 in…

Figure 2. All cancer sites combined incidence and mortality rates in Latin America and the Caribbean, both sexes, all ages, 2018. Age-standardized rate (world) per 100,000. In Uruguay, incidence 263.4 and mortality 130.7. In France, Guadeloupe, incidence 254.6 and mortality…

Figure 4. Incidence and mortality rates for all cancer sites combined in selected countries in sub-Saharan Africa, 2018. Age-standardized rate (world), 2018. In France, La Réunion, incidence 213.9 and mortality 95.7. In South Africa, incidence 213.5 and mortality 117. In…

Figure 4. Estimated millions of new cancer cases in 2018 and the projected increase by 2040 by four-tier HDI level, assuming only a demographic effect. Estimated cancer cases will increase by 100% from 2018 to 2040 in low-HDI countries, from…

Figure 3a. In low HDI countries, the most commonly diagnosed cancers among males are prostate (20.5%); colorectum (7%); liver (8%); non-Hodgkin lymphoma (6.4%); and Kaposi sarcoma (6.3%). Other sites make up the remaining 51.7% of cancer cases. In medium HDI…

Figure 2. Leading causes of premature mortality (%) (ages <70 years) in South Africa and Japan. In South Africa, the leading causes of premature mortality among those less than 70 years of age are infectious and parasitic diseases (45%), cardiovascular…

Figure 5. Changes in 5-year age-standardized net survival (%) for children aged 0-14 years diagnosed with acute lymphoid leukemia, select countries 1995-2009. Five-year survival for children with acute lymphoid leukemia increased from 40.7% in 1995-1999 to 52.4% in 2005-2009 in…

Figure 4. Female breast cancer mortality rates, all ages, 1950-2013. In the UK, USA, and Australia, breast cancer mortality rates remained around 25 cases per 100,000 from 1950 to about 1990 before decreasing to around 15. In Japan, Thailand, and…

Figure 3. Female breast cancer incidence rates, all ages, 1978-2012. In the US, female breast cancer incidence rates among whites (age-standardized rate world per 100,000) increased from 73.6 in 1980 to a peak of 98 in 1999. It then declined…

Figure 1. Cumulative risk of being diagnosed with female breast cancer by age 75 years, globally and in select countries. The cumulative risk of being diagnosed with female breast cancer by age 75 years (in percent) is 3% in India;…

Figure 5. Lung cancers related to tobacco smoking and air pollution in China and France. In China, 70% of lung cancers are related to tobacco smoking and 14% are related to air pollution. In France, 81% of lung cancers are…

Figure 3. Converging lung cancer mortality rates among males and females, select high-income countries, 1952-2013. Lung cancer mortality rates (age-standardized rate [world] per 100,000) in UK men increased from 44 in 1952 to a peak of 74.1 in 1972, followed…

Figure 2. Smoking and lung cancer mortality rate trends in men and women, United States. Cigarettes per capita increased from 54 in 1900 to a peak of 4,345 in 1963, followed by a steady decrease to 1,078 in 2015. Lung…

Based on population growth and aging, the global cancer burden will grow to 29.4 million cases annually in 2040 (assuming global rates in 2018 remain unchanged).

Figure 3. Cancer incidence, mortality and survivors diagnosed within the past 5 years: top 5 cancer sites in 2018 worldwide for both sexes combined (total includes non-melanoma skin cancers). In 2018, there were 18.1 million total cancer cases (including non-melanoma…

Figure 2. Cancer incidence, mortality and survivors diagnosed within the past 5 years worldwide in 2018.* *Total includes non-melanoma skin cancers. In 2018, there were 18.1 million cancer cases. 48.4% were in Asia, 23.4% in Europe, 21% in Americas, 5.8%…

Average number of births per woman is converging around 2 in countries of all HDI levels.

Increasing breastfeeding duration from present levels to 12 months per child in high-income countries and 2 years per child in low- and middle-income countries could avert 22,000 breast cancer deaths per year.

Figure 2. Sunbed prevalence (%) among females and males across different countries by year of survey since 2009. According to various surveys in different countries between 2009 and 2017, sunbed use among females was as high as 61.5% in one…

Figure 2. Proportion of cancer deaths attributable to alcohol (%) by site, 2016. In 2016, 31% of pharynx (excluding nasopharynx) cancer deaths were due to alcohol; 26% of lip and oral cavity cancer deaths; 22% of larynx cancer deaths; 17%…

Figure 3. Most common infection-attributable cancers worldwide. 35% of all infection-attributable cancers worldwide are stomach cancer; 27% are liver cancer; 24% are cervical cancer; 5% are head and neck cancer; 4% are other anogenital cancer; and 5% are other cancer…

Figure 2. Leading cancer-causing infections worldwide, by sex (%). Among infection-attributable cancers in females, 53.6% are due to human papillomavirus; 25.1% to Helicobacter pylori; 10.7% to hepatitis B virus; 5.1% to hepatitis C virus; and 5.5% to other agents. Among…

Figure 1. Proportion of cancers attributable to infections (%), by agent and region. In sub-Saharan Africa, 15.9% of cancers are attributable to human papillomavirus; 2.5% to Helicobacter pylori; 3.1% to hepatitis B virus; 1.5% to hepatitis C virus; 1.8% to…

Figure 1a. Proportion (%) of annual cancer deaths attributable to smoking by site, 2010-2014, United States. 22% of cervical cancer deaths are attributable to smoking. 10% of pancreatic cancer deaths in men and 14% in women are attributable to smoking.…

Figure 1. Cigarette and e-cigarette use (%) among high schoolers, United States, 2011-2018. Cigarette use among US high schoolers has decreased from 15.8% in 2011 to 8.1% in 2018. E-cigarette use among US high schoolers has increased from 1.5% in…

Figure 3. Distribution (%) of global aflatoxin-related liver cancer by WHO region. In Africa, 40% of liver cancers are related to aflatoxin. In South-East Asia, 27% of liver cancers are related to aflatoxin. In Western Pacific, 20% of liver cancers…

ECAC is an initiative of the European Commission, developed by the World Health Organization's International Agency for Research on Cancer. The ECAC aims to inform people about actions they can take for themselves or their families to reduce their risk…

Figure 2. Prevalence (%) of human papillomavirus (HPV) infection (all ages) and HPV vaccination (ages 10-20 years) among females by continent. In Africa, HPV vaccination prevalence is 1% and HPV prevalence is 21%. In Asia, HPV vaccination prevalence is 11%…

Infectious agents such as H. pylori , HPV, and hepatitis B and C viruses are responsible for a substantial proportion of cases for some cancer sites.

Figure 2. Prevalence (%) of H. pylori among Indigenous peoples, select studies. Source varies by country. See Sources and Methods.The prevalence of H. pylori among Indigenous peoples is 35% in New Zealand; 60% in Western Australia (urban); 91% in Western…

Figure 1. Relative risk of cancer-specific mortality for Indigenous compared with non-Indigenous peoples by country and site. Source varies by country. See Sources and Methods. Among females: In New Zealand (2006-2011), cancer death risk in Indigenous populations compared with non-Indigenous…

Figure 3. Age-standardized incidence rates (world) per 100,000, invasive melanoma, persons aged <25 years by sex in Australia and England, 1990-2010. In Australia and England, melanoma incidence rates are generally higher in females than males. Melanoma rates have declined in…

Skin cancers create a substantial economic burden in many countries.

Figure 2b. Estimated number of cancer deaths and distribution (%) by type (excludes non-melanoma skin cancer) in Northern Africa and West and Central Asia, both sexes, 2018. In Northern Africa, there were an estimated 177,000 cancer deaths. The leading cancer…

Law is essential to implement a number of the globally agreed ‘best buys’ for NCDs—the evidence-based interventions considered the most cost-effective and feasible for implementation in low- and lower middle-income countries.

A quarter of a million cancer survivors walked the track at their local Relay For Life in 2017.

Figure 2. Countries with national cancer control and noncommunicable disease (NCD) plans (%), 2015. 41% of countries have a national cancer control plan and a non-communicable disease plan. 41% of countries have only a non-communicable disease plan. 17% of countries…

Addressing multiple risk factors can reduce the overall noncommunicable disease burden and premature mortality. “Best buys” are a set of affordable, feasible and cost-effective intervention strategies to achieve these goals

Figure 4. Research priorities by cancer site in number of publications, proportion of US National Cancer Institute (NCI) funding* (2012), and disability-adjusted life years (DALYs, 2011). Lung cancer received 6% of NCI funding, had 5,382 publications, and accounted for 24%…

Figure 2. Cancer publications (2002–2013) compared with gross domestic product (GDP) for 31 European countries. In Malta, GDP is 8.5 billion US dollars and 22 cancer papers were published between 2002 and 2013. In Iceland, GDP is 14.6 billion US…

Figure 3. Percent (%) of gross domestic product (GDP) spent on research, 2016 estimates, select countries. In Peru, 0.1% of GDP was spent on research. In Paraguay, 0.2% of GDP was spent on research. In Oman, 0.3% of GDP was…

Figure 1. Cancer publication trends by number of papers, 2010 vs. 2017, select countries. Cancer publications in United States increased from 35870 in 2010 to 46701 in 2017. Cancer publications in United Kingdom increased from 7427 in 2010 to 9800…

HPV is responsible for nearly all cervical cancers and a substantial proportion of other anogenital and oropharyngeal cancers.

Figure 2b. PREVENTION: Cumulative probability (%) of death from lung cancer by attained age and smoking status, female. Female never smokers have a 1.1% chance of dying of lung cancer by the age of 85. Female smokers who quit by…

Figure 1. Proportion (%) of countries with NCD plans/national cancer control plans that address key components across the cancer continuum, by income level, 2018. HPV vaccination is addressed in 70% of plans in High income countries; 68% of plans in…

Figure 4. Trends in five-year net survival (%) from breast cancer in Asia. In Singapore, five-year breast cancer survival increased from 76% in 2000-2004 to 80% in 2010-2014. In Penang, Malaysia, five-year breast cancer survival increased from 65% in 1995-1999…

Figure 3. Five-year net survival (%) for women diagnosed with advanced breast cancer in the USA in 2009–2015 by race/ethnicity. Five-year net survival is 31.2% for Hispanics (of any race); 31.2% for Asians and Pacific Islanders (includes Hispanic); 28.2% for…

Survival from childhood acute lymphoblastic leukemia varies almost twofold across European countries.

Figure 3d. Micronesia: Incidence and mortality rates in Oceania by sub-regions, top 10 cancers, 2018. Age-standardized rate (world) per 100,000. In Micronesia: Breast cancer incidence 42.5, mortality 16.3. Prostate cancer incidence 42.4, mortality 16.3. Lung cancer incidence 37.9, mortality 35.5.…

Figure 3c. Melanesia: Incidence and mortality rates in Oceania by sub-regions, top 10 cancers, 2018. Age-standardized rate (world) per 100,000. In Melanesia: Breast cancer incidence 49.7, mortality 25.5. Prostate cancer incidence 34.1, mortality 14.5. Cervix cancer incidence 27.7, mortality 19.…

Figure 3b. Polynesia: Incidence and mortality rates in Oceania by sub-regions, top 10 cancers, 2018. Age-standardized rate (world) per 100,000. In Polynesia: Breast cancer incidence 70.5, mortality 21.6. Prostate cancer incidence 66.5, mortality 19.9. Lung cancer incidence 38.1, mortality 30.2.…

Figure 1. Estimated number of new cancer cases vs. deaths and distribution (%) by type (excludes non-melanoma skin cancer) in Oceania, both sexes, 2018. There were an estimated 181,000 cancer cases. The leading cancer cases are breast (14%), prostate (13%),…

Figure 2. Lifetime risk (%) of a cancer diagnosis in selected European countries, by sex. In Hungary, lifetime risk in males is 39% and lifetime risk in females is 30%. In Ireland, lifetime risk in males is 36% and lifetime…

Figure 1. Estimated number of new cancer cases vs. deaths and distribution (%) by type (excludes non-melanoma skin cancer) in Europe, both sexes, 2018. There were an estimated 3.9 million cancer cases. The leading cancer cases are breast (13%), colorectum…

Figure 5. Uterine corpus and colorectal (both sexes combined) cancer incidence trends, age <50 years, in the United States and Canada, 1975–2015. Age-standardized rate (world) per 100,000. In the US and Canada, colorectal cancer incidence rates among those less than…

Figure 4. Colorectal cancer incidence trends among adults ≥50 years of age in the United States and Canada, 1975–2015. Age-standardized rate (world) per 100,000. In the United States, colorectal cancer incidence rates among adults 50 and older peaked at 184…

Figure 3. Lung cancer incidence trends by sex in the United States and Canada, 1975–2015. Age-standardized rate (world) per 100,000. Among males, lung cancer incidence rates peaked around 65 cases per 100,000 in the mid-1980s before declining to about 35…

Figure 2. Trends in colorectal cancer mortality in Massachusetts and Mississippi, 1970–2016. Age-standardized rate (world) per 100,000. Colorectal cancer mortality rates in Massachusetts decreased from 19.8 deaths per 100,000 in 1970 to 6.4 in 2016. Colorectal cancer mortality rates in…

Figure 3b. Incidence and mortality rates for the most common cancers among females in Southern, Eastern, and South-Eastern Asia, 2018. Age-standardized rate (world) per 100,000. Breast cancer incidence rate is 33.7 and mortality rate is 11.2. Lung cancer incidence rate…

Figure 3a. Incidence and mortality rates for the most common cancers among males in Southern, Eastern, and South-Eastern Asia, 2018. Age-standardized rate (world) per 100,000. Lung cancer incidence rate is 32 and mortality rate is 28.4. Colorectum cancer incidence rate…

Figure 2. Highest lip and oral cavity cancer incidence rates in Southern, Eastern, and South-Eastern Asia, males, 2018. Age-standardized rate (world) per 100,000. Lip and oral cavity cancer incidence rate is 16.3 cases per 100,000 in Pakistan; 13.9 in India;…

Figure 1. Estimated number of new cancer cases vs. deaths and distribution (%) by type (excludes non-melanoma skin cancer) in Southern, Eastern, and South-Eastern Asia, both sexes, 2018. There were an estimated 8.2 million cancer cases. The leading cancer cases…

Figure 1. Estimated number of new cancer cases vs. deaths and distribution (%) by type (excludes non-melanoma skin cancer) in Northern America, both sexes, 2018. There were an estimated 1.9 million cancer cases. The leading cancer cases are breast (14%),…

Figure 3a. Incidence trends in selected countries in Latin America, prostate cancer, all ages, 1982–2012. Age-standardized rate (world) per 100,000. Prostate cancer incidence rates increased from about 20 cases per 100,000 in 1984 in all countries before plateauing around 55…

Figure 1. Estimated number of new cancer cases vs. deaths and distribution (%) by type (excludes non-melanoma skin cancer) in Latin America and the Caribbean, both sexes, 2018. There were an estimated 1.3 million cancer cases. The leading cancer cases…

Figure 3. Trends in incidence rates in selected countries in sub-Saharan Africa. Age-standardized rate (world) per 100,000. Cervical cancer rates in Uganda: 45.8 in 1998-2002; 54.3 in 2003-2007; 49.1 in 2008 -2012. Cervical cancer rates in Zimbabwe: 47.3 in 1998-2002;…

Among females: Cervix cancer incidence 34.5, mortality 25.2. Breast cancer incidence 34.2, mortality 16.6. Colorectum cancer incidence 7.5, mortality 5.1. Ovary cancer incidence 4.8, mortality 4. Liver cancer incidence 4.3, mortality 4.2. Esophagus cancer incidence 3.9, mortality 3.9. Stomach cancer…

Among males: Prostate cancer incidence 32.3, mortality 18.4. Liver cancer incidence 8.5, mortality 8.5. Colorectum cancer incidence 8.3, mortality 6. Esophagus cancer incidence 5.8, mortality 5.7. Lung cancer incidence 5.2, mortality 5.1. Non-Hodgkin lymphoma incidence 5.1, mortality 4.3. Kaposi sarcoma…

Figure 1. Estimated number of new cancer cases vs. deaths and distribution (%) by type (excludes non-melanoma skin cancer) in sub-Saharan Africa, both sexes, 2018. There were an estimated 752,000 cancer cases. The leading cancer cases are breast (15%), cervix…

Figure 1. Relative and absolute global variations in incidence rates of registry populations included in CI5 Volume XI (circa 2008–12); rates shown are those within the 10th and 90th percentiles in males. Rates of Lip, oral cavity cancer have a…

Figure 1. Relative risk of cancer-specific mortality for Indigenous compared with non-Indigenous peoples by country and site. Source varies by country. See Sources and Methods. Among males: In New Zealand (2006-2011), cancer death risk in Indigenous populations compared with non-Indigenous…

Figure 3b. In low HDI countries, the most commonly diagnosed cancers among females are breast (26.8%); cervix (22.8%); colorectum (5%); ovary (3.7%); and non-Hodgkin lymphoma (3.1%). Other sites make up the remaining 38.6% of cancer cases. In medium HDI countries,…

Figure 1. HDI and the top five cancers in males and females, cases in thousands, 2018. In 2018 in Very High HDI countries, there were 912 thousand Breast cancer cases in females; 491 thousand Colorectum cancer cases in males and…

Figure 4. Five-year age-standardized net survival (%) observed in the available cohorts of cases diagnosed with lymphoid leukemia. In Western Europe, five-year net survival for children with lymphoid leukemia is 89%, based on a cohort of 4348 children. In Oceania,…

Figure 3. Ages 15-19 years: age-standardized cancer incidence rates (world) per million population, 2001-2010. Cancer incidence rates per million among adolescents age 15 to 19 years by world region are the following: In Sub-Saharan Africa, leukemia: 19; lymphomas, 27; central…

Figure 2. Ages 0-14 years: age-standardized cancer incidence rates (world) per million population, 2001-2010. Cancer incidence rates per million among children age 0 to 14 years by world region are the following: In Sub-Saharan Africa, leukemia: 12.5; lymphomas, 9.8; central…

The true burden of cancer in children is unknown in most low-income countries.

Figure 2. Female breast cancer incidence and mortality rates, 2018. Age-standardized rate (world) per 100,000. In 2018, the breast cancer incidence and mortality age-standardized rates (world) per 100,000 were: Australia and New Zealand: 94.2 (incidence), 12.6 (mortality); Western Europe: 92.6…

Figure 4. Lung cancer mortality rates among males and females, select countries in Asia, Africa, and Latin America, 1950-2013. Lung cancer mortality rates (age-standardized rate [world] per 100,000) in Japan men increased from 2.7 in 1950 to a peak of…

Figure 1. Lung cancer incidence and mortality rates, 2018. Age-standardized rate (world) per 100,000. In 2018, the lung cancer incidence and mortality age-standardized rates (world) per 100,000 were: Polynesia: 38.1 (incidence), 30.2 (mortality); Micronesia: 37.9 (incidence), 35.5 (mortality); North America:…

Figure 2. Carcinogenic agents associated with five or more cancer sites.* *Major site groupings: some subsites are combined. Human immunodeficiency virus type 1 is associated with 5 cancer sites. Alcoholic beverages are associated with 5 cancer sites. Human papillomavirus type…

To date, IARC has classified 120 agents as carcinogenic to humans.

Approximately 3–6% of all cancers worldwide are caused by exposures to carcinogens in the workplace.

Figure 1. Proportion (%) of population using solid fuels, 1990-2017. Solid fuel use in sub-Saharan Africa has remained around 80% from 1990-2017. Solid fuel use in South Asia has declined from around 85% in 1990 to 61% in 2017. Solid…

Figure 1b. Number of annual cancer deaths attributable to smoking by site, 2010-2014, United States. 862 cervical cancer deaths are attributable to smoking. 1,870 pancreatic cancer deaths in men and 2,626 in women are attributable to smoking. 2,976 colorectal cancer…

Figure 4. Proportion (%) of lung cancers caused by select environmental and occupational factors other than tobacco use worldwide. Note: Does not include tobacco use. Some cancers may be attributable to two or more risk factors. Household air pollution is…