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Highly effective prophylactic vaccines are available for two of the most important cancer-causing infections, hepatitis B virus (HBV) and human papillomavirus (HPV) (see Infection). In 2022, there were an estimated 254 million people globally with chronic HBV infection; HBV infection causes nearly one million deaths annually, mostly from cirrhosis and1

Cancer remains a stark example of the deep inequities in health care faced by Indigenous communities. The United Nations reports that over 476 million Indigenous people reside in over 90 countries across the globe, representing 6.2% of the world’s total population. Despite being a numerical minority worldwide, Indigenous people contribute1

Modifiable risk factors cause a large proportion of cancer cases and deaths. A recent study shows that an estimated 40% of all cancer cases and 44% of cancer deaths in the United States are attributable to a combination of modifiable risk factors, including tobacco use, excess body fatness, and alcohol1

Curbing the tobacco epidemic is a global health priority to reduce the burden of cancer and other chronic diseases. The World Health Organization Framework Convention on Tobacco Control, the first global public health treaty, entered into force in 2005 and developed a set of six key tobacco-control measures (MPOWER, Map1

What started with one person in the US in 1985 to raise money and awareness has become a true global movement against cancer, uniting people in 35 countries (Figure 44.1) to do what no one country or organization can do alone: build a world free from cancer. Across the globe,1

Excess body fatness – overweight and obesity – has been linked to at least 13 types of cancer. Overall, approximately 4.5% of all cancer deaths globally are attributable to excess body fatness, varying from <1% in low-income countries to 7-8% in some high-income countries. The proportion of deaths linked to1

Among the numerous potentially modifiable risk factors for cancer, reductions in tobacco use, infectious agents, excess body fatness, unhealthy diet, physical inactivity, alcohol consumption, excess exposure to ultraviolet radiation, environmental pollutants, and occupational exposures can have an important impact in reducing the morbidity and mortality associated with cancer in every1

Nearly 7 million lives were lost due to COVID-19 during the 2020-2023 pandemic. Patients with cancer were affected both directly and indirectly by the disease (Figure 47.1).

The delivery of high-quality, patient-centered cancer care requires capacity across multiple domains (infrastructure, staffing, resources, research, and data management systems) and multidisciplinary collaboration among health care centers, governments, nongovernmental organizations, and the international community. There remain unmet needs across the main modalities of cancer treatment in many areas of the1